This discussion explores whether any philosophical theory can successfully justify war as a morally permissible act.

Synopsis

(The focus paper is available to DOWNLOAD HERE (https://www.manlitphil.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/In-Search-of-a-Just-War-PF-Document-.pdf))

War causes an unmeasurable amount of pain and suffering, particularly among the most vulnerable people. Yet, philosophy has continually attempted to justify war. This discussion paper aims to explore if there is a successful theory to justify war.

The literature surrounding the philosophy of war is vast. I have selected two philosophers to focus on; Michael Walzer and Richard Norman. I will briefly explain these two theories and pose several questions to act as a jumping off point in discussions.

Definitions

For the purposes of this paper and to help our discussion, here are some definitions;

War is a large-scale armed conflict between organised groups.

Localised, smaller scale armed conflicts between disorganised groups, such as rival gangs or insurgent groups, do not meet this definition of war. For example, the ‘Glasgow Ice Cream Wars’ (The Scotsman, 2004) would not be classed as a true war.

A state is a defined as having;

A permanent population,

A defined territory,

A form of government,

The capacity to interact with other states.

(Shaw; 2003)

Justification means that the act is morally permissible. To be justified is for an act to be considered the morally right thing to do. This is contrasted between an act being unjustifiable, but less morally repugnant than others.

What to Expect

The Lit&Phil Philosophy Forum is a space where serious ideas meet joyful exploration. Whether you are a seasoned philosopher or a curious newcomer, our discussions are designed to foster a spirit of open-minded inquiry. We prioritise respectful dialogue, intellectual curiosity, and the shared pursuit of understanding over adversarial debate. This is philosophy as it should be – dynamic, inclusive, and profoundly engaging.

Practical Details

The focus paper is available to be downloaded HERE (https://www.manlitphil.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/In-Search-of-a-Just-War-PF-Document-.pdf)

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